Compare and contrast 1920s Essay Example for Free

Thoroughly analyze 1920s Essay 1. One of the primary reasons why the 21st century is better than the 1920s is the nineteenth amendment Women’s Suffrage. This demonstration was passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and endorsed on August 18, 1920. Lady at long last picked up the option to cast a ballot and do very similar things men did. In any case, most ladies were not rewarded as equivalent as men, yes they had their privileges, yet they still weren’t rewarded as decently as men in a good way. Presently in the 21st century lady and men are totally equivalent they are dealt with consciously, if not more deferentially than men are dealt with. Lady can do everything a man can manage without get an outcome, which contrasted with the 1920s would be viewed as a wonder. 2. Thinking back to the 1920s there was a ton of strain in relations between the whites and shaded americans. There was many race riots during this timeframe which started to make a division between the white and the hued. Which at that point caused movement, making individuals become jobless, due to this the american government began to get stressed and befuddled on what to do. Presently, in the 21st century everybody is dealt with equivalent regardless of what their skin shading is , what sex they are, or what their race might be. Which is vastly different from the 1920s from that point forward America has made an astounding improvement and combined the individuals, as one. 3. In the 21st century individuals grumble about how they detest their employments and don’t get sufficiently paid yet looking at this logically you ought to be appreciative with whatever activity you have. During the 1920s, individuals needed to work the entire day and not simply to take care of their family for the afternoon, toiling over working machines so their children wouldnt be ravenous. In addition to the fact that they had to work throughout the day the working conditions they needed to work in, exacerbate it even. Regular individuals would be harmed gotten back home with a wrecked hand or broken finger, they despite everything would keep on working in such a case that not they would be supplanted and would kick the bucket from starvation . Presently in the 21st century individuals grumble for working a seven hour move and just make 50 dollars during the 1920s they would work 20 hours and still not make half of that. Before you whine about your issues consider how much harder others had it, and think how the 21st century resembles a fantasy contrasted with the 1920s.

Research-based Reading Program Essay

The Texas Reading Initiative has sketched out a genuinely complete articulation on the benefit of perusing and the centrality of mixing the propensity for education among the youthful. Other than instructing/leading a perusing program fundamentally, the quality, profundity and trustworthiness of such training procedure is similarly significant. This is the primary motivation behind why most perusing advocates have bannered the talk of a â€Å"research based† perusing program as opposed to the conventional showing philosophy for showing youngsters how to peruse. It takes a shot at the rising presumption that training the youthful is sensitive enough for the perusing instructor to adjust an exploration based technique. The paper on Components of a Research-based Reading Program, some portion of the Red Book Series by the Texas Education Agency, plots the key traits of the ongoing improvement of showing perusing among the youthful. It is made out of a more profound comprehension of the openings of a child’s mind, its arrangement, improvement and unsurprising development (Hilgard, 2001). By and large, the fundamental traits of these Twelve Essential Components include a propelled comprehension of grown-up youngster preparing and correspondence: the Teacher-Trainer, the channel and the beneficiary (the kid). These possibly the fundamental qualities of standard correspondence however an investigation of the paper can uncover that the correspondence structure is really the premise of this exploration based program, also that the idea of code translation and language are included and referenced in that paper. The two parts of the bargains bend, the Teacher-coach and the youngster are the live working components of this understanding project, which makes the least difficult segments. What is commonly intriguing in these Twelve Components is the channel component and how the kid unravels the correspondence. The paper every now and again examines the idea of language and how the kid sees guidance from the instructor, which is its entire point. This is the brunt/meat of the showing philosophy, where the paper talks about â€Å"opportunities† and â€Å"strategies† to help kid advancement. Such things are expressed on the paper with respect to how to abuse the idea of the language channel, where teachers deliberately utilize the oral part to comprehend the composed language-the demonstration of perusing. As per the creators, by the oral way, the youngster is coordinated into open doors for acknowledging sounds, its disparities and â€Å"referents†, an idea utilized by language specialists. They state that youngsters may peruse so anyone might hear and â€Å"understand their structure blocks† (www. tea. com), which we accept as sound-related structure squares. This may infer that to strengthen one’s perusing, one needs to figure out how to talk it first, utilizing the sound-related rationale of the language’s development, along these lines using the idea of the child’s cerebrum to ingest these â€Å"building blocks† into open memory (www. childdevelopmentinfo. com). What's more, obviously, there is the composed arrangement to fight with. This is the place the beneficiary can outwardly unravel utilizing a portion of the procedures. Deciphering in this setting implies outwardly playing with the language development (â€Å"wordplay† as the paper says) through â€Å"blending† and what they call â€Å"word families† and composing designs. On a lighter note, there is nothing surprising about the exploration based perusing program offered by the Texas Reading Initiative. The purportedly â€Å"new† philosophy works a lot of like showing an unknown dialect to understudies in the university level, yet in the child’s case, limited and concentrated for a kindergarten or evaluation schooler. Similar chances and encouraging procedures have existed in fundamental unknown dialect class in college, and kid analysts appear to think that its compelling whenever made simpler for kids. Reference: Child Development Institute. Understanding Improvement. Recovered January 27, 2008, from http://www. childdevelopmentinfo. com/store/perusing improvement. htm. Hilgard, E. R. (2001). Prologue to Psychology. New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Diagnosing Alcohol Use Disorder

Diagnosing Alcohol Use Disorder Addiction Alcohol Use Print Diagnosing Alcohol Use Disorder By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on July 26, 2019 Image Source/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Do you want a drink so badly you cant think of anything else? Find out if you meet the latest criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Diagnosing AUD can be tricky since the diagnosis depends on the person doing the drinking being willing to honestly answer a series of questions about drinking patterns and attitudes. AUD is the medical term for alcohol abuse, like binge drinking, or it can be used to mean alcohol dependence, such as your body goes into withdrawal without alcohol. Alcohol dependence is alcoholism. Denial Makes Diagnosis More Difficult Getting an honest answer about alcohol use and its effects on your life can be a problem because a common symptom of alcoholism is denial. An old adage about alcoholism is its the only disease that denies it exists and resists treatment. If you cannot be honest about your drinking habits, it is difficult, if not impossible, to accurately diagnose an AUD.   A health care professional is unlikely to give an AUD diagnosis during routine visits because this condition is misdiagnosed more than 70 percent of the time. Sometimes it can be difficult to admit to a health professional about your drinking habits and patterns. There are many online alcohol screening tests you can take on your own if you are not ready to talk out loud about your drinking. Family and Friends See the Problem Long before a health care worker gives an AUD diagnosis, friends and family can usually recognize the problem. They may try to talk to you about the problem and encourage you to get help, but again, denial comes into play. Denial is so common in people with alcohol abuse problems that denial itself is a warning sign of alcoholism. A person who drinks a lot simply can not see or refuses to admit  that alcohol use is a problem. Diagnostic Tools for AUD There are many diagnostic tests health professionals use to screen for and evaluate drinking problems. To overcome denial, most health professionals do not ask direct questions about the number of drinks  but instead, ask questions about problems associated with drinking instead. Short, four-to-five question alcohol screening tests, such as the FAST test, are effective in the initial screening to detect AUD, while longer, more elaborate tests do a more in-depth evaluation and assessment. Alcohol Dependence Criteria According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, health professionals may give an AUD diagnosis if you meet two of 11 criteria within a 12-month period. Depending on the number of criteria you meet, your level of alcohol abuse or  alcohol dependence can be categorized as mild, moderate or severe. You drink more or longer than intendedYou want to stop or tried to modify your drinking habits more than once, but cannotYou spend a lot of your time drinking or being hungoverYou want a drink so badly that you can not concentrate on anything elseDrinking and being hungover has interfered with your responsibilities to your family, job, and homeYou continue to drink even though it causes trouble with family and friendsYou give up important and enjoyable activities in order to drinkYou get into situations after drinking, such as driving or walking in a high-crime neighborhood, which have increased your chances of injuring yourselfYou continue to drink even though it made you feel depressed, anxious, and/or blackoutYou need to drink more than you did before to get the same effectYou feel withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea and sweating?

Decade by Decade Timeline of the 1800s

Sweden A Scandinavian Country - 922 Words

Sweden is a Scandinavian country located in the northern part of Europe. Sweden has three bordering countries: Norway, Denmark and Finland. Their government consists of a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. Their current monarch is Carl XVI Gustaf. The main religion is Lutheranism, a form or Protestant Christianity. Other practiced religions includes: Paganism, Catholicism, Judaism, and Jehovah’s Witnesses. There is also numerous individuals in Sweden who are atheist. Sweden became a kingdom around the twelfth century where Christianity was their main religion. By the middle ages, Sweden controlled Finland and Norland. By this time King Gustav Vasa was in power. He wanted Sweden to be an independent and more modernized†¦show more content†¦It all relies on the person divine faith. After the reformation, Lutheran Christianity became the main religion in Sweden. This practice was so predominant that the Swedes were mistreated if they did not practice Lutheran beliefs. Before the mid 1800’s, if people were caught engaging in other forms of religious practices they could be jailed, fined, and even exiled out of the country. During this period, many Swedes began to leave Sweden because of religious intolerances. As a result of Sweden being a religiously intolerant country, the push for emigration became more prominent. Many people migrated to America for those purposes. Amongst other things, such as the rapid population growth, famine, and lack of farmlands became the major reasons why the Swedes immigrated as well. The first set of Swedes came to America around the seventeenth century for economic opportunities. These were mainly explorers who started a colony in America called New Sweden. They settled around the Delaware area. The first major waves included over one million immigrants to America in the nineteenth century. This was a quarter of the Swedish population. . After a scarce of land and a famine, the Swedes immig rated for better opportunities. Many of the Swedes settled in the Midwest part of the United States for farming purposes. Due to so many migrants the lands in the Midwest began to become occupied. As a result, the immigrants moved further west towards Montana, Idaho, Washington, and

Christianity A Strong Effect On Humanity - 2257 Words

Incredibility of Christianity Religion has a strong effect on humanity often changing people’s lives and helping them to walk out of their â€Å"darkness†. However, certain religions have different beliefs, as their truth. One of these, Christianity, is one of the most popular religions all around world. Roughly,There are roughly 2 billion Christians, approximately 31.7 percent of whole world population, in 2010 (PewResearchCenter). Although there are many followers of Christianity, there is not enough evidence to present Christianity as â€Å"the one true religion† as is tradition, evidence in their documents, and believers’ faith. Christian Tradition Christianity, a religion, that has last more than two thousand years, with traditions that obviously have much influence to history and people’s lives. However, there are many odd and meaningless traditions in Christianity, and these traditions may have passed wrong information. The definition of â€Å"tradition† is an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior†(Merriam-Webster). Therefore, Christianity, as the most popular religion around the world must have some unique patterns of thought, action, or behavior(PewResearchCenter). Firstly, some of Christian tradition is strange or evil. The Bible, as Christian Holy book, is deemed as the law of God by Christians; and they have been trying to obey this law. Therefore, Christian God’s law would be the source of their tradition. In the Bible, thereShow MoreRelatedChristian Morality Has Become A Tale Of Shame930 Words   |  4 Pageswill to power that occ urs naturally in all the people, Christianity cages, and dulls the will preventing it from expressing itself. This in turn creates problems by removing the individual’s ability to master their own life – turning them into puppets under the guidance of the government. From the Christian perspective, nihilistic views empower the people – giving them hope and a belief in internal strength. From Nietzsche’s view point Christianity and its by-product – democracy - in fact remove anyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Environmental Ethics1299 Words   |  6 Pagescreation. Christian scripture, natural law and tradition create the foundations of Christian ethical teachings yet different expressions of Christianity depend on these sources to several degrees. Within the Christian practice, environmental awareness has only recently become a new recognition in developing a global concern for ecology and the role of humanity in the ongoing degradation of the earth. This is due to the Christian teachings, not always being clearly articulated towards the importantRead MoreA Book Critique of The Advancement: Keeping the Faith in an Evolutionary Age1389 Words   |  6 Pagesnot as a scientist. The goal of his thesis is not to convince the reader of the scientific merits of Christianity, but to expose the erroneous beliefs found in the modern naturalistic worldview when compared to Christianity. Summary Bush’s overall purpose in this book is to show the failings of the modern naturalist philosophy, especially when compared to the truths found in biblical Christianity. Bush organizes his exposition into eight chapters, which sets out to dismantle the modern naturalisticRead MoreJudaism and Christianity1462 Words   |  6 Pages In a tree of monotheistic religions, Judaism and Christianity, despite sharing common roots and spiritual tradition associated with Abraham, for many centuries diverged and developed in their own distinct ways. The partition, based on different theological doctrines, evolves around the idea of the nature of human relationships with God, which in case of Judaism are based on the Law of Torah, and in Christianity stem from the belief in Jesus Christ and its cornerstone – the doctrine of TrinityRead MoreThe Virgin Mary Was Vital To The Structure, Spread, And1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe Virgin Mary was vital to the structure, spread, and development of early and medieval Christianity. She represents the Queen of Heaven and the Throne of Wisdom but also the link between all humans to God. She is not considered a deity, but she is responsible for bringing God to humanity. Along with saints she is an important intercessory figure that people look up to. Her compassion as a women and a human challenged the male-ruled system. She is seen as a symbol and more than just a women, butRead MoreThe United States Views On Religion And Spirituality Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious groups of Christianity. In Genesis we discover that it takes God six days to create the earth, heaven, universe, and all the species found on Earth (Genesis 1-2). In the beginning God is introduced as the creator and he reins supreme over his creations. Later on in the Bible God’s attributes and characteristics are presented to the reader. In addition to being the creator he is also all knowing, enteral, loving, compassionate, forgiving, and good (Diffey, 2014,). In Christianity God is the FatherRead MoreEssay about The Gospel According to Mark by Jorge Luis Borges876 Words   |  4 Pagesis a prolific story which takes look at peoples view of Jesus, and critiques of several aspects of religion, and a further critiques humanity and human nature. The story does this by makin g Espinosa imitate the role of Jesus Christ, as well as by making the Gutres his followers and making them a symbol of human nature as well. Finally paints a view of how humanity will continue to react to the unknown. An important aspect of Burges’s The Gospel According to Mark is its analysis of peoples viewRead MoreMaterial and Ideational Relations Between Humanity and Its Environment1332 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of a continuum of material and ideational relations between humanity and its environment requires a nuanced approach which avoids generalizations. I theorize that one cannot argue the greater importance of either the material of ideational aspect without making dangerous assumptions. While some scholars may theorize that it is mankinds religious and ethical worldviews which shape the environment, there is also strong evidence supporting the idea of humanitys technologies and surroundingsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare, Regarded As The Foremost Dramatist1144 Words   |  5 Pagesself awareness, freedom and, self-expression. Much like pervasive themes endemic to the Renaissance, the theme of the play revolves around the destruction of one’s humanity due to its insatia ble appetite for prosperity. It shows the progression of corruption brought about by one’s rampant ambition. Shakespeare’s body of work echoes a strong response against the outdated and narrow ideals of scholasticism of the Dark Ages. Some elements in Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a portrayal of the Dark Ages but notRead MoreIntegrating My Faith and My Profession Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding relationship between psychology and Christianity. The book incorporates our chosen profession with our faith confession as an integrative approach. The book explains the integration of psychology and Christianity as a journey with multidisciplinary natures. This book emphasizes on several areas, such as historical outlooks on faith and science and the essence of psychology. The associations of psychology and theology are in effect unavoidable due to their common significance in accepting

pratices of Physical therapy Essay Example For Students

pratices of Physical therapy Essay Debating the Practices of Physical Therapy What is there to debate? Several sources repeatedly convey similar information on the care that a physical therapist provides. The Handbook of Physical Therapy, written by Robert Shestack, Current Physical Therapy, a book by Malcolm Peat, and A Future in Physical Therapy, an internet publication by The American Physical Therapy Association, have notably parallel information within them. However, small variations can be found in their writings. Physical therapy is defined as the treatment of patients disabilities from disease and injury to the loss of a body part with therapeutic exercise, heat, cold, water, light, electricity, ultrasound, or massage (Shestack 3). Through extensive direct contact with patients and other health care personnel, physical therapists have the opportunity to positively make a difference in a persons life (The American Physical Therapy Association 1-2). When entering into a physical therapy program, certain educational requirements must be met. All colleges anduniversities insist upon students wishing to enter into the pre-professional part of the physical therapy program behigh school graduates (Shestack 4-5). According to The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), thepre-professional part of schooling includes psychology, biology, physics, statistics, chemistry, english,professional writing, and humanities (5). Shestack combines the entire program to include applied science,anatomy, physiology, neuroanatomy, kinesiology, pathology, psychology, physics, neurology, orthopedics,pediatrics, surgery, electrotherapy, massage, physical rehabilitation, and physical therapy as applied to medicine(4-5). The APTA states the professional part of the physical therapy program includes basic and clinical medicalscience courses and emphasizes the theory through extensive clinical education and a variety of practice settings(5). The require ments as proposed by both authors are similar, yet not exact, implying that the requirements areprobably quite similar, but vary most likely from state to state and school to school within those states. Both sources agree that colleges and universities around the United States are currently changing their programsfrom a bachelor’s degree program to a master’s degree program (APTA 5, Shestack 5). Obviously this fact is true and schools are in progress in reforming their programs. Arthritis is a commonly treated illness by physical therapists. Arthritis is an inflammation of a joint in which aperson goes through three stages of severity. These stages are the acute stage, the subacute stage, and thechronic stage. Physical therapy should begin at the onset of problems. The therapist should assess the history ofthe disease, a joint examination, morning stiffness, grip strength measurement, and a timed fifty-foot walk (Peat103). During the acute stage, Peat advises rest, patient education, ice packs, splinting, and range of motionexercises (104). Shestack, however, prescribes moist heat for thirty minutes two to three times a day (94). Thedifference in techniques is most likely due to the fact that all patients have different severities of this disease. Notonly one technique could possibly be the only techniques used on all patients. For the subacute stage, Peat and Shestack agree that maintaining range of motion in the affected joint is the taskof this stage. To do this, specific exercises are taught to the patient by the therapist according to the particularjoint with a problem (Peat 104, Shestack 94). Their agreeance clearly proves that maintaining range of motion isthe most important treatment to give in the subacute stage of arthritis. Finally, in the chronic stage, Peat recommends to decrease pain in the joint, increase range of motion for thejoint, increase muscle strength, and improve functional capacity (105). However, Shestack simply advises toapply a triad of heat, massage, and exercise daily (94). Again, similar to the first stage, because of differences inpatients, there must also be differences in treating them. Some of Peat’s tasks in treating a client witharthritis could possibly be carried through by using the triad that Shestack recommends. Asthma sufferers often seek help from a physical therapist to treat their condition. Asthma is a respiratorydisorder characterized by wheezing, difficulty in expiration, and a feeling of constriction in the chest. Physicaltherapy can provide comfort and help for a patient inflicted with an airway limitation, such as asthma (Peat 12). US In 19th Century EssayA physical therapist can offer breathing exercises to help improve breathing by strengthening the diaphragm,chest, and back muscles (Shestack 169). Both sources believe the therapists objective when treating a patientwith asthma is to assist the patient with breathing more comfortably, efficiently, and with less effort. This can bedone by mobilizing the trunk of the body, encouraging coughing, and when breathing forcing the tongue to stickto the roof of the patient’s mouth (Peat 13, Shestack 169). This treatment is logical. The treatment forasthma by a physical therapist is obviously black and white. There is no gray in between. Physical therapists have the ability to truly help people and make a positive influence in a patient’s life. Inseveral ways, physical therapists can change the lives of the patients they treat. These ways can vary fromtherapist to therapist and from patient to patient according to specific needs a particular patient may require. There are several educational requirements to meet before becoming a physical therapist. However, when theyare completed, physical therapists can work with people of all ages everywhere treating various conditions. Works Cited The American Physical Therapy Association. A Future in Physical Therapy. 15 July 1998: Online. Microsoft Internet Explorer. 18 February 1999. Peat, Malcolm. Current Physical Therapy. Philadelphia: B.C. Decker Inc., 1988. Shestack, Robert. Handbook of Physical Therapy. New York: Springer PublishingCompany, 1977.

Essay on Parenting Styles Essay Example

Essay on Parenting Styles Essay Essay on parenting styles and child development Parenting styles play an integral role in the development of a child. In fact, research has revealed that parenting styles can influence a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological growth, which affects children both in the childhood years, and as an adult. This is because children develop through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchange, which surround them. The fact that parents are regularly around a child’s life they will influence him/her either negatively or positively. This paper discusses the parenting styles adopted by parents across different countries. The commonly known parenting styles are four. They include authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful parenting. Authoritative parenting is parenting style that is both responsive and demanding. Parents who use this parenting style teach their children to be independent while at the same time controlling their actions. Authoritative parents understand their child’s emotions, and they teach them how to control their feelings. In addition, these parents always demand maturity. Punishments are prevalent in this style, but they are not violent or arbitrary. This parenting style has the advantage that children respond accordingly due to the various set limits. Authoritarian parenting is the next parenting style. It is also known as strict parenting, and it is both unresponsive and demanding. The central characteristic of this style is that parents expect their children to comply, and conform to every rule. This parenting style has little open communication between the parent and the child. Authoritarian parents normally require their children to follow the set rules without even a single explanation why the rules and limits are set. According to research, parents who adopt this parenting style are unresponsive to the child’s emotional needs. As a result, these children tend to display low social competence because their parents prevent them from making their own choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Parenting Styles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Parenting Styles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Parenting Styles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Indulgent parenting is a parenting style that is undemanding and responsive. Parents who adopt this style are normally permissive and lenient, only because they have few expectations from the child. Indulgent parents are usually involved with their children, but they set very few rules and limits. Children brought up through this style are often seen as rude and spoiled. This is because their parents do not teach them how to control their emotions. The last parenting style is neglectful parenting. Unlike the other three, neglectful parenting is neither demanding nor responsive. Instead, parents a completely uninvolved with the child’s growth. Neglectful parents are usually unresponsive and dismissive to their children’s emotional needs. Children brought up through this parenting style are often mature and independent; although they tend to display emotional withdraw towards other people. In addition, these children do not express their feelings easily. Hesitate no more where to find your write my essay online help EssayLead team is here to assist you!

Essay Sample on Network Topologies A Brief Description of Each

Essay Sample on Network Topologies A Brief Description of Each Free example essay on Network Topologies: Mesh Topology In this type of network setup devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes. In a true mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network. An advantage of this type of topology lies in the fact that it is relatively immune to bottlenecks and channel/mode failures. Allowing data to be rerouted around failed or busy nodes does this. A major disadvantage is high cost due to the high number of interconnections. Bus Topology All devices are connected to a central cable, termed a bus or backbone. At each end of this cable is a terminating resistor, or a terminator. A signal gets passed back and forth between workstations and between the terminators. An advantage of this type of topology is that if one workstation fails, it does not affect the entire LAN. Another advantage is that it is easy to implement and cost efficient. A disadvantage to this type of topology is that it a connection to one of the workstations becomes loose, or a cable breaks, the entire cable segment loses connectivity. Ring Topology All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop so that each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on the either side of it. In most cases data flow is in one direction only, with one single node receiving the transmission and relaying it to the next node. The advantage of this topology is that it is rarely subjected to the bottlenecks associated with hierarchical and star configurations. One disadvantage is that a single channel connects all nodes. If a channel fails between two nodes the entire network is lost. Star Topology All devices are connected to a central hub. Nodes communicate across the network by passing data through the hub. This topology uses signal splitters in the hub to send out signals in different directions on the cable connections. The advantages to this type of topology are that star topology based hubs can be connected together to extend the network, it is easy to add new workstations, and management and monitoring is not difficult to do. Disadvantages to this system lie in with the hub; if it fails the workstations connected to the hub lose connectivity. Ethernet Ethernet is a local-area network (LAN) architecture developed by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC and Intel in 1976. Ethernet uses a bus or star topology and supports data transfer rates of 10 mbps. The Ethernet specification served as the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which specifies the physical and lower software layers. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD access method to handle simultaneous demands. It is one the most widely implemented and used LAN standards. 100Base-T (Fast Ethernet) supports data transfer rates of 100 Mbps. Gigabit Ethernet supports data rates of 1 gig per second. Ethernets are easy to design and manage and arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t too costly to implement. Disadvantages lie in the different topologies supported and their individual nuisances. Token Ring A token-ring network is a type of network in which all of the computers are arranged in a circle. The token, which is a special bit pattern, travels around the circle. To send a message, a computer catches the token, attaches a message to it, and then lets it continue to travel around the network. Workstations are connected centrally to a Media Access Unit (MAU) and are wired in a star configuration. Advantages of a token-ring network are that cable failures affect only a small number of users, there is equal access for all workstations and limited performance degradation as the network grows. A huge disadvantage is the cost of wiring and connections. FIDDI Fiber-distributed data interface- an industry standard covering the transmission of data over fiber-optic links. Fiber optics allows data to flow at very high speeds (100Mbits/sec). High-speed data transmission and multiple uses of the fiber optic solution make give this setup and advantage. One disadvantage is cost and availability in some areas. Wireless A wireless LAN is one in which a mobile user can connect to a local area network through a wireless (radio) type connection. The IEEE 802.11 standard specifies the technologies for wireless LANs. An advantage of wireless networks is that they can be accessed virtually from anywhere. There is a price for this connectivity. Up front costs are higher than most other solutions. There is also a distance limitation of 150 feet. Security could be compromised as well.

Assessment on MFL with ICT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Assessment on MFL with ICT - Essay Example characterized by some or all of the following features: under-performance in all four language skills; the setting of impossible or pointless tasks for average (and in particular less able) pupils and their abandonment of modern language learning at the first opportunity; excessive use of English and an inability to produce other than inadequate or largely unusable statements in the modern language; inefficient reading skills; and writing limited mainly to mechanical reproduction which was often extremely inaccurate. Such was the opinion of HMI. A teacher writing in the Audio-Visual Language Journal in 1978 described a number of other problems, too. He analyzed the situation from both his and the pupil's point of view. He wrote: It has been very hard work, demanding an inordinate amount of preparation and a great expenditure of energy in an attempt to motivate the apathetic core that exists in every CSE class. But the examinations are always a bitter disappointment and a derisory return for those children who have shown interest and worked well: a grade higher than 4 is rare, even though the candidates always include children who have the potential for a 1 or 2. From these two perspective... The CSE (Certificate of Secondary Education), first introduced in 1965, and the GCE 'O' level (General Certificate of Education Ordinary level) examinations, in existence long before, seemed inappropriate and needed revision. It was in this context of producing an examination better suited to the needs of learners of all abilities, and of motivating all children aged from 11 to 16, and especially those of average and below average ability, that the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and Graded Objectives in Modern Languages (GOML) were developed. A combination of the new, joint 16+ examination and the GOML movement were seen by many people as realistic ways of assessing and motivating the whole ability range of pupils in secondary schools. Graded Objectives in Modern Languages The Graded Objectives movement achieved its momentum in the 1970s. It was prompted largely by a feeling among teachers that, in the context of the proposed new 16+ examination, the majority of their pupils could not be expected to sustain their interest and motivation for five years without some formal indications of successful learning. The principle of the five year course which must be completed before a public examination could be taken [was considered unacceptable]. The first principle of the graded objectives scheme was therefore that the traditional five year course to CSE/'O' level should be broken up into a set of shorter term objectives, each one leading to the next and each one building on its predecessor. (Harding, Page and Rowell 1980:3-4) The second principle of the Graded Objectives movement was that learners should be given worthwhile and realistic tasks to do which were (A) Achievable by all abilities

Should the EU focus on acting as a civilian, normative or military Essay

Should the EU focus on acting as a civilian, normative or military power - Essay Example Before answering the question whether the EU should focus on being a civilian, normative, or military power, it is important to establish how these different forms of power have historically manifested in the EU's policies and activities. Conceptualising the terms 'civilian', 'normative', and 'military' is important in any analysis where these terms are used to describe the activities of EU's. Maull's (1990) view of a civilian power includes the employment of "solidarity with other societies, and a sense of responsibility for the future of the world - and particularly the global environment". (p.106) It is important to note that Maull's analysis of the exercise of civilian power is quite restrictive as it relates to the state or the exercise of national civilian power. Thus using a 'statist' perspective of the exercise of civilian power in the context of a supranational EU, would have its possible limitations. Vital lessons can, however, be drawn from his analysis and can be transpos ed into the EU's experience. Manner's (2002) conception of the EU as a civilian power is interpreted primarily in economic terms. Simply put, civilian power can be said to be the exercise of non-military power and would include "economic, diplomatic and cultural policy instruments." (Smith, n.d. p.1) Smith's conception of civilian power would thus exclude any use of the military, even if the military were used in situations of peace-keeping, whether armed or unarmed. To Smith (n.d.) even though the military can be used in unarmed peace-keeping situations, they have also been trained to kill and thus such an activity cannot be said to be civilian. Smith (n.d.) further identifies four core elements in the exercise of civilian power - "means; ends; use of persuasion; and civilian control over foreign (and defence) policymaking". (p.2) Consequently, in employing civilian policies, the means and the ends of those policies must be non-military, with persuasion (and not coercion) being the main instruments of achieving policy objectives. Based on the above conception of civilian power, Smith (n.d.) has argued in relation to the EU that: " clinging to the notion of civilian power EU not only stretches the term 'civilian' past its breaking point, but also tends to induce excessively rosy-eyed views of the EU as an international actor. 'Civilian' often means 'good', and deploying the 'civilian power EU' argument can close down critical analysis of actual EU foreign policy activities". (p.1) With regards to concepts of normative power, Manners (2002) views the EU's normative power as its capacity to mould or influence notions of what constitutes 'normal' in politics at the international arena. This exercise of normative power is very evident in the EU's relationship with Africa. The Council of the European Union has for instance stated that "Europe has a strong interest in a peaceful, prosperous and democratic Africa. Our strategy is intended to help Africa achieve this. "Â  

The Stakeholder Engagement Process Management Essay

The Stakeholder Engagement Process Management Essay A person, group of persons, or organization that has a direct or indirect stake in an organisation because it can affect or be affected by organizations action, objectives, polices. (Business dictionary, 2012) Stakeholder engagement process: The word stakeholder and engagement both have different meanings for different people therefore it is difficult to understand what people are trying to think and say about these words. These words are used together to define a procedure which is theoretical a transparent process Stakeholder is only defined in a reference to a particular issue e.g. as a local resident in a particular area you may be a stakeholder in a decision about what will be the opening and closing timing of the restaurant. But you will not be a stakeholder in a decision about what kind of restaurant/food they will serve but health and local authority might a stakeholder in both decisions. Many authors described this phrase in different way. According to (Glicken, 2000) A stakeholder is an individual or group influenced by and with an ability to significantly impact (positively or negatively) the topical area of interest. However, according to (Slocum et al, 1995) Active involvement of people in making decisions about the implementation of processes programmes and projects which affect them. Freeman (1984) explains that any person or group of people who can directly or indirectly affect or can be affected by the organisations actions, objectives and policies. Shareholders including investors, owners, partners, directors, people owning shares or stock, banks, anyone having a financial stake in the business purchasers, consumers and end users. Stakeholder engagement is the process used by an organisation to engage significant stakeholders for a clear purpose to attain accepted results and stakeholder engagement is the process used by an organisation to engage relevant stakeholders for a purpose to achieve accepted outcomes. It is now also known as a fundamental accountability tool, since it obliges an organisation to involve stakeholders in classifying, understanding and answering to sustainability issues and concerns, and to report, explain and be accountable to stakeholders for decisions, actions and performance. Quality stakeholder engagement process should include: Clearly define the scope and have an agreed decision making process; Focus on issues material to the organisation and/or its stakeholders; We need to identify the important stakeholder and their interest relating to our restaurant. We need to assess the power and influence of stakeholders in connection to our restaurant. Define appropriate project to each stakeholder and we need to identify the stakeholders risk relating to our restaurant. Create opportunities for dialogue and be integral to organisational governance; Have a process appropriate to the stakeholders engaged Be timely; be transparent, flexible and responsive. Stakeholder engagement must be rooted in the culture and main functions of the organisation. To accomplish this, this requires an assurance to the principles and incorporation of stakeholder engagement with organisational governance, strategy and operations. Through this assurance and incorporation, the outputs of stakeholder engagement lead to strategic and operational outcomes. Whenever we start a project or business it is very important for us to identify key stakeholders and their type and also identify their interest relating to our business or project. Different kind of stakeholders: Usually stakeholders have three types Primary stakeholder Secondary stakeholder Key stakeholder Primary stakeholder: A primary stakeholder includes any group of people or an organisation which are eventually affected by the actions of the organisation both in positively or negatively way. In our restaurant business primary stakeholders are customers, lenders, suppliers and owner of the building. Secondary stakeholder: Secondary stakeholders are those who could be indirectly affected by the actions of the organisations. In our restaurant business secondary stakeholders are city council and environmental authorities. Key stakeholder: Key stakeholders can belong to first two groups and these peoples or organisations can have substantial impact upon within our restaurant. Key stakeholder includes; City council Customers Suppliers Lenders Owner of the building Environmental authorities and trade authorities. The Importance of Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement: Stakeholder engagement is premised on the concept that those groups who can affect or are affected by the succession of an organisations purpose should be given the opportunity to observe and input into the expansion of decisions that affect them. In todays society, if they are not actively sought out, sooner or later they may claim to be consulted. Situations could arise when organisations do not aggressively engage but are forced to do so by the demands of society as a result of a crisis situation. In response, organisations hire crisis management procedures, and are often forced into a defensive negotiation with stakeholders, leading to a substantial and long lasting loss of reputation. This type of interface is often opposed and damaging of trust. Meaningful engagements take place in organizations as many organizations are well aware of current changes in the wider society and how they pass on to organisational performance. A relation with stakeholders is a mean to manage the impact as a result of those changes, many of which are shaped due to vast negative impact of global economic downturn. Organisations can either seek to diminish risk through the use of stakeholder management, or through the use of meaningful stakeholder engagement exploit new trends to identify and establish new opportunities; the latter is characterised by a readiness to be open to change. As with any other business process, engagement process should be systematic, logical and should be applied thoroughly. A process is provided by stakeholder engagement which takes in to account organisation from the starting point of planning and identifying objectives through to post monitoring and evaluation. This process is represented as a circle as it is constant where lessons are learned from past experience and will then shape the future planning and engagement. Stakeholder mapping and their importance: Stakeholder mapping is process of listing the entire stakeholders according to their interest and power or influence on a particular organisation. (Bjorn Andersen, 2008) Each stakeholder is different from other in terms of their power and their interest. Some stakeholders have more power and more interest in an organisation and some stakeholders have more power with less interest in an organisation. Therefore, stakeholder mapping provides us a framework which helps organisation in term of stakeholder management. By using stakeholder mapping organisation categorise each stakeholder in different category and then spend more time and money on those stakeholders who have more interests and more power and organisation also saves time by spending less time on those stakeholders who have less power and less interest. Stakeholders Mapping http://open.jorum.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/650/Items/B324_1_004i.jpg http://open.jorum.ac.uk Key players: Key players are those stakeholders who have more power and more interest in our business or organisation. In key players stakeholder management process organisation need to actively involve these stakeholder in almost in every part of the project. Because these are the stakeholders who have more power, influence and interest in our organisation. In our project suppliers, lenders and property owner has high power and high interest therefore, these stakeholders are key player in our project. Keep satisfied: These are the stakeholders who have less interest but more power in our organisation. Therefore, organisation always needs to try to keep these stakeholders satisfied at all the time and organisation always need to feed these stakeholders with the information which they need. Keep informed: These stakeholders have with high interests but low power. There is a very less chance that these stakeholders will create any trouble in our project, but these stakeholders have high interest in our project. Therefore, organisation always needs to try to spend relatively less time on this stakeholder and keep them satisfied. For example, local community and neighbourhood people who have most interests and low power and they cannot create any trouble but their interests level is quite high. Minimal effort: These are the peoples with less interests and low power. Organisation should need to spend less time and money on these stakeholders. Understanding stakeholder: Engagement process includes the understanding of the different stakeholders and also understanding their needs and demands. In this process we need to know how best we can engage all different stakeholders and how to communicate with them. We need to consider some key questions to find out how we can perform this process efficiently. This key question includes; What financial and non-financial interest they have? We need to know if stakeholders go against our restaurant project then how we are going to manage their negative attitude towards our project? What is their current judgment about our restaurant project? What kind of information they require from us? How we need to communicate with them? To get the answer for all of the above questions we need to ask directly to the potential stakeholders. Stakeholders are quiet open about their opinion and they feel free to comment on an organisations policies and actions. By asking these questions and interacting with stakeholders helps organisations to build a strong relationship with the stakeholders which will help organisation in a long run. Being a project runner we need to ensure that stakeholders are aware that things will get better once the project is completed and there will be now extra financial cost or any other burden on them. If we dont ensure them there will be resistance in future and this resistance could affect our project. Stakeholder management: Successful project requires a careful stakeholder management. Therefore, we need to ask questions who are the stakeholders? Stakeholder is any group/person or any organisation that has direct interest in our restaurant and they can be directly affected by the output of our restaurant. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the principles and issues which stakeholders have in order to address them and keep everyone on board for the duration of our restaurant project. (www.projectsmart.co.uk) In stakeholder management process we need to identify our key stakeholders then we need to find out whats their needs, demands, interest and power relating to our restaurant and then we need to know how to manage these stakeholders. Therefore, managing these stakeholders is different from managing other stakeholders. For example in our project of opening a restaurant on oxford road we have some stakeholder e.g. city council which could be directly affected by the output of our restaurant and if we affect this stakeholder our restaurant could be closed before it opens. Purpose of the stakeholder management: Purpose of stakeholder management is apparent however this idea has been ignored by most of the organisations. We need to consider all those stakeholders who can make an impact on our project in later period. In recent years we have noticed many examples that many organisation those who were ignoring their stakeholders now they are considering their stakeholders with more care and acting more responsibly towards their stakeholders. (www.triplepundit.com) Fast-food giant Burger king and McDonald faced criticism for supporting the cutting of the Amazonian rain forest from beef suppliers. Now Burger king and McDonalds started to act responsibly by altering their policies and improving their CSRs and they are reporting more carefully and they are taking care of their stakeholders relationship. (Buzz, 2012) Advantages and disadvantages of stakeholder management: An organisation can receive many advantages and disadvantages for managing the stakeholders carefully. Stakeholder management reduces the risk of failure of a project. Quality of a project can be improved by engaging the stakeholders. Serious issues which can affect our project can be diminishing at early stage by engaging all the stakeholders. Managing and identifying all the stakeholders is a costly process because every stakeholder has different demands and needs from other. Managing all stakeholders is not easy it is really hard job to manage all stakeholders because every stokehold aspect something extra ordinary output from your project. Conclusion: After extensive study and research; researcher is able to draw a conclusion that stakeholders are important and integral part of an organisation and organisation cannot deny form carrying out stakeholder analyses in every stage of the project. Because organisations future depends on better stakeholder management if organisation fails to do so they will end up facing extreme pressure from stakeholders and they might lose their business too and project may fail and we have seen many examples in past. Bjorn Andersen, T.F.L.E.O., 2008. Mapping work progress. 2nd ed. USA: Quality press. Freeman, R.E (1984). Strategic Management: A stakeholder Approach. Boston, MA: Pitman. Glicken, J. (2000), Getting stakeholder participation right: a discussion of the participatory processes and possible pitfalls. Environmental Science and Policy, 3, 305-310. Slocum, R., Wichhart, L., Rocheleau, D. and Thomas-Slayter, B. (eds) (1995) Power, Process and Participation. London: ITDG Publishing. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html [Accessed on 24th November 2012] http://www.triplepundit.com/2009/04/purpose-vs-profit-stakeholder-management/ [Accessed on 24th November 2012] http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/stakeholder-management.html [Accessed on 23rd November 2012] http://www.triplepundit.com/2009/04/purpose-vs-profit-stakeholder-management/ [Accessed on 23rd November 2012]

Traffic Monitoring Camera Systems Essay -- electronic monitoring devic

Abstract With the significant increase of traffic monitoring camera systems, the debate on their safety, effectiveness and Constitutionality has increased. The purpose of this research is to present arguments from each side of the issue and then compare statistics on the subject in order to make a determination of whether these systems are more beneficial or detrimental to public safety, and whether public interest or financial gain is the core component in the implementation of the camera systems. Over the past decade, American citizens have seen an increasingly common sight: the onslaught of electronic monitoring devices being placed at traffic lights and intersections with the sole purpose of recording driver behavior to issue citations; all in the name of safety (Federal Highway Administration Safety, n.d.). The proliferation of these traffic safety cameras, which has spread in unprecedented numbers to ever-smaller towns ("Smile, you’re on camera", 2009), is undoubtedly controversial, and has sparked much debate between citizens, legislatures, police departments, federal agencies, and civil rights groups (Burnett, 1998). Besides the debate on whether or not the cameras, and the citations that are issued to the registered vehicle owner based upon the recorded information, are constitutional, (or whether they simply constitute an Orwellian invasion of privacy), the widely-accepted premise that the cameras decrease the severity of and/or prevent automobile accidents is also intensely contested. Advocates for the implementation of red light and speed cameras are adamant that the use of such devices deters traffic violations and decreases accidents (City of Johnson City, TN, n.d.). Research supports these claims ... ...guson, S. A., & Farmer, C. M. (2007). Reducing red light running through longer yellow signal timing and red light camera enforcement: Results of a field investigation. Retrieved from http://www.stopredlightrunning.com Ruby, D. E., & Hobeika, A. G. (2003, Summer). Assessment of red light running cameras in Fairfax County, Virginia. Transportation Quarterly, 57(3), 33-48. Shifflett, G., & Owen, J. (2008, September 22). Red light cameras in the Volunteer State: Unsafe, unconstitutional, and unnecessary (Tennessee Center for Policy Research Policy Brief 04-08). Retrieved from The Newspaper: www.thenewspaper.com Smile, you’re on camera. (2009, November). State Legislatures, 35(2), 11. Retrieved from http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.etsu.edu: The red-light camera never lies. (2009, November 13). The Hotline. Retrieved from http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.etsu.edu.

Blood Bananas

Abstract: Chiquita Brands International and its leaders learned a very hard lesson about paying off terrorist groups to protect their employees. Over the past 25 years, no place has been more perilous for companies than Colombia, a country that is finally beginning to emerge from the effects its Colombian banana subsidiaries had made protection payments to terrorist groups from 1997 through 2004. The Justice Department began an investigation, focusing on the role and conduct of Chiquita and some of its officers in this criminal activity. Subsequently, Chiquita entered into a plea agreement that gave them the dubious distinction of being the first major U. S. company ever convicted of dealing with terrorists, and resulted in a fine of US$25 million and other penalties. To make matters worse, the industry was facing pressure from increasing retailer purchasing power, major changes in consumer tastes and preferences, and Europe’s imposition of an â€Å"onerous tariff† on companies that sourced bananas from Latin America. With this in mind, Fernando Aguirre, Chiquita’s CEO since 2004, reflected on how the company had arrived at this point, and what had been done to correct the course so far. He faced major challenges to the company’s competitive position in this dynamic industry. What would it take to position the company on a more positive competitive trajectory? Would this even be possible in this industry and in the business climate Chiquita faced? Teaching: The case provides a vehicle for analyzing strategic, contextual, and ethical challenges underlying Chiquita’s presence in Colombia, a primary global source for bananas. The case highlights the trade-offs that Chiquita made while paying protection money to ensure business continuity and employee protection. Historic information tracks the evolution of the company from its early focus on owning plantations; growing, importing, and distributing bananas; sourcing, marketing, and distribution, to â€Å"downstream† value-chain activities that were more profitable, less nature-dependent, and less risky. The case emphasizes Chiquita’s focus on risk avoidance, cost control, and globalization; the factors that contributed to the payment of protection money; and Chiquita’s failure to respond quickly and appropriately. The case discusses decisions made as Chiquita grew from a small firm to become an industry giant; innovation, and continuous improvement as drivers of industry consolidation; and how Chiquita responded to terrorist threats and the consequences of the response. Detailed information in the case helps the reader understand potential globalization challenges and those inherent in managing external threats and high visibility crises. The case fits well into MBA courses in industry and competitive strategy, general management, operations management, business ethics, or crisis management. Concepts from the case include emerging market risk that globalizing companies may encounter; implications of administrative heritage for organizational structure and communication flows; fundamental challenges of global coordination and control; and strategic communication role of the leader in a crisis. These concepts are applicable in multiple other industries. Blood Bananas: Chiquita in Colombia by  Mary B. Teagarden,  Andreas Schotter Source:  Thunderbird School of Global Management 16  pages. Publication date:  Nov 11, 2010. Prod. #:  TB0245-PDF-ENG Chiquita Brands International and its leaders learned a very hard lesson about paying off terrorist groups to protect their employees. Over the past 25 years, no place has been more perilous for companies than Colombia, a country that is finally beginning to emerge from the effects of civil war and narco-terrorism. In 2004, Chiquita voluntarily revealed to the U. S. Justice Department that one of its Colombian banana subsidiaries had made protection payments to terrorist groups from 1997 through 2004. The Justice Department began an investigation, focusing on the role and conduct of Chiquita and some of its officers in this criminal activity. Subsequently, Chiquita entered into a plea agreement that gave them the dubious distinction of being the first major U. S. company ever convicted of dealing with terrorists, and resulted in a fine of US$25 million and other penalties. To make matters worse, the industry was facing pressure from increasing retailer purchasing power, major changes in consumer tastes and preferences, and Europe's imposition of an â€Å"onerous tariff† on companies that sourced bananas from Latin America. With this in mind, Fernando Aguirre, Chiquita's CEO since 2004, reflected on how the company had arrived at this point, and what had been done to correct the course so far. He faced major challenges to the company's competitive position in this dynamic industry. What would it take to position the company on a more positive competitive trajectory? Would this even be possible in this industry and in the business climate Chiquita faced? Learning Objective The case provides a vehicle for analyzing strategic, contextual, and ethical challenges underlying Chiquita's presence in Colombia, a primary global source for bananas. The case highlights the trade-offs that Chiquita made while paying protection money to ensure business continuity and employee protection. Historic information tracks the evolution of the company from its early focus on owning plantations; growing, importing, and distributing bananas; sourcing, marketing, and distribution, to â€Å"downstream† value-chain activities that were more profitable, less nature-dependent, and less risky. The case emphasizes Chiquita's focus on risk avoidance, cost control, and globalization; the factors that contributed to the payment of protection money; and Chiquita's failure to respond quickly and appropriately. The case discusses decisions made as Chiquita grew from a small firm to become an industry giant; innovation, and continuous improvement as drivers of industry consolidation; and how Chiquita responded to terrorist threats and the consequences of the response. Detailed information in the case helps the reader understand potential globalization challenges and those inherent in managing external threats and high visibility crises. The case fits well into MBA courses in industry and competitive strategy, general management, operations management, business ethics, or crisis management. Concepts from the case include emerging market risk that globalizing companies may encounter; implications of administrative heritage for organizational structure and communication flows; fundamental challenges of global coordination and control; and strategic communication role of the leader in a crisis. These concepts are applicable in multiple other industries. ++++ Blood Banana Case Study they will find another job or another way of earning their living, the cycle of life doesn’t stop when you become unemployed ! and if you asked them would they prefer losing their jobs temporary or losing their lives forever? Am pretty sure they won’t chose the second alternative. The company already thought about its worker’s lives as their primary concern and didn’t take the second choice, so the least thing is t o think about their existence and to do what’s in their best interest. Last but not least, the fruit company if decided to leave will encounter huge costs of    abandon their current business and starting all over again in another place, but paying one time huge cost is more effective than paying annually amount of money to the AUC for God knows when ! plus they will have their current profits and they can sell their company in Colombia and gain extra money that will enable them to start again somewhere else. hey are a well-developed corporation, if they did a good strategy with a well written plan they will manage to start up over and maybe even better ! In conclusion, Chiquita was in a bad situation, and as a normal corporation whose aim is to make profits they need to consider what’s in their best interest and that is to execute the country. Costs will occur no matter what option they choose, but some were less harmful and less costly than others, it’s like what they say† the best of the worst† all the alternatives were ba d but abandon the country is the best between them. Blood banana Chiquita Inc. was one of the largest and growing    fruit company in America who faced a dramatic problem in the 90’s with the AUC, a Colombian paramilitary organization that promoted violence act and considered to be terrorist, what happened was they inquired the fruit company to pay them specific amount of money monthly that was required for their security services as they    claimed! The situation was straightforward, either Chiquita pays for the terrorist†¦ Blood Bananas Background Chiquita Brands International is one of the world’s largest banana producers that were founded in 1899. Founded as United Fruit Company, Chiquita has grown to be one of the top three companies in the banana business with a combined control of 60% market share. Chiquita had annual revenues of $4. 7 billion and operating plants worldwide with its main business coming out of Colombia. In this case study, it tells the story of the Chiquita business and how they faced many problems in the past years. The main problem in this study is how Chiquita paid the AUC terrorist group a combined $1. million from 1997 to 2004 and then told the United States Justice Department about their dealings. After the criminal investigation and plea agreement, the new CEO was faced with the decisions of a new direction for the company. Through this analysis I will help Fernando Aguirre come up with a feasible plan for Chiquita Brands International so that it can continue to be a dominant busi ness. Issues The key issue at hand with Chiquita Brands International is that after all of their problems, they had to face the decision with how the company would be position themselves positively.The company’s image had been shot and brand image is a very important concept for businesses to have to be able to survive in today’s business world. The CEO, Fernando Aguirre, did not know how to bring the company to a reputable standard and leave the past behind. The company now needs to learn how to move forward with their company to change the perceptions of their audience and still be a leading banana producer worldwide. Another key issue that Fernando must deal with is the reality of the issue that past, was Chiquita’s past executive team guilty or not guilty of the crime that they plead for.In order for the company to move forward, they would have to take a stance on the issue and clearly state whether they intentionally or forcefully made the payments to the A UC. Strategic Analysis There are a couple of things the company should look at to reroute the stance of their company in a positive direction. With these concepts, the company should be able to form a new plan that will help the CEO know what to do in the decisions he makes for the future of the company. These concepts will be listed below. †¢Mission and vision statement †¢Competitive strategy †¢Corporate strategy †¢Implementation of new policies and management Internal and performance analysis †¢Concise strategic decisions Mission and Vision Statement The company should look into its mission and vision statement so that its audience can know that the company is changing in a positive way. A mission and vision statement’s purpose is to define the company’s purpose, objectives, and value to the audience. It is important for the company to now implement CSR Responsibility, environmental sustainability, and SMART goals. With the implementation of these tactics, Chiquita’s audience will see that they are changing and know that they can earn the company’s trust again.Each goal that the company defines in their new statements should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-based. With SMART goals, Chiquita will be able to easily move forward from their negative image to a more acceptable one. Competitive Strategy Because of their fallen reputation, Chiquita must now look at its stance compared to its competitors to see how they are now going to position themselves. Now that companies have seen them fall, they most certainly have taken advantage of some of Chiquita’s audience who has turned away from the brand.The best thing for Chiquita to do is to look at their models and determine whether they should focus on a Resource Based Model or an I/O Model. I believe Chiquita should focus on the I/O Model so that they can look at their external environment and gain a sustainable competitive advanta ge again. The I/O Model will shape the company and use the five forces to identify the attractiveness of the industry it’s currently in so that it can seek out an advantageous position to take again while reshaping its image. Corporate StrategyChiquita must look at their corporate strategy to analyze their global strategy and multi-business firms. Since Chiquita is a worldwide company, they must look at their globalization drivers. The globalization drivers are listed below. †¢Market driver †¢Cost driver †¢Technology driver †¢Government driver †¢Competition driver. Their main focus would be their market driver and their government driver. In the market drivers, Chiquita will need to analyze its customer needs, global customers and market channels in order to reroute their company’s image.In the government drivers, Chiquita will need to analyze its common marketing regulations, unrestrictive trade and investment policies and compatible technical standards so that their audience will know its stance on the past situations and see that they are doing whatever needed possible to be a reputable company again. Chiquita also has to look at their multi-business firms in its corporate strategy. They must manage their individual businesses to formulate a new business strategy and monitor and control their business performance with the new strategy.They can incorporate portfolio planning models to evaluate their business performance and formulate business strategies to allocate resources properly. With the new analyzing of these concepts, Chiquita will have better coordination, control, and profitability for the firm. Implementation of new policies and management Chiquita must implement new policies for the company as well as a strong management team. The new policies can be formulated in their new business strategy as well as can be incorporated in their new mission and vision statement.They also should implement a new management t eam that is sound and strong with following the new rules and regulations that will be put in place. Chiquita must accept its mistakes and move forward with a new team so that it can make the right decisions for the better of the company. Internal and performance analysis Through this strategic analysis, Chiquita must analyze its internal and performance. The best thing to look at through the internal analysis is the VRIN analysis framework.Even though the company should rely on the I/O Model, they should also look at their resources and capabilities because this is what will give the company its competitive advantage and set it aside from its competitors. Through the VRIN analysis, Chiquita will be able to continually analyze whether it’s producing valuable, rare, inimitable, and nonsubstitutable goods. This will also help give the company a sustainable competitive advantage. The company should also analyze its performance through financial assessment and real actions. Throu gh this, Chiquita will asses a better standing in the marketplace.A better performance will create a stronger stance for the company. Concise strategic decisions With the implementation of the concepts stated above, Chiquita should be able to be a more positive and reputable company. It should be easy for Fernando to implement these strategies and come up with concise decision. Concise strategic decisions will help the company have a stronger background to rely on and make their implementations work strategically. Arguments and Recommendations Above was listed how Fernando should implement various strategies and plans for the company.I will now recommend various decisions for the company in its past dealings with the AUC and how it should move forward from those decisions. I believe the root causes for Chiquita’s actions in Colombia that ultimately let to their conviction was their top management team decision-making biases and their values and ethics. Chiquita’s top m anagement team wasn’t making decisions in unison and you could tell this by the various executives either quitting or retiring. The guilt from the different stances each executive took made them eventually leave the company because they had dug themselves as well as the company into the ground.I also believe the cause for Chiquita to get convicted was their values and ethics. I believe this because in the case, Chiquita tried to change their core values in 1999 to better the company. If they believed in strong values and ethics from the start, they would have never had to revamp their core values. Chiquita should’ve taken charge from the start with their decision making styles and their values and ethics so that they would have never placed themselves in the position to pay the AUC which in turn led to their conviction.With a sound team with sound goals, Chiquita will always prosper internally. I believe Chiquita and its managers did have a choice in the AUC payments. Yes Chiquita was doing business in an unstable political environment but they should have taken a stance and fought for what they thought was right. The actions the manager partook in were not ethical principles and I believe they were looking out more so for themselves than the company as a whole. I believe Chiquita could have came up with a strategy that would have made both the company profitable and satisfy its stakeholders without paying the AUC.If Chiquita felt like it didn’t have a choice, they should have involved the law enforcements well before they started the payments. If they would have done this, they would have never had to worry about the safety of its company or the terrorist groups in Colombia. Other companies that should be worried about Chiquita’s experience are companies that were involved in similar circumstances as Chiquita. In the case, it stated that Chiquita was the first company to get convicted for paying terrorist groups.If similar companie s were doing the same, they should cease the payments and learn from Chiquita’s mistakes because it stated that the law was cracking down and getting harder on this crime. Companies that are doing business in lesser developed economies should keep the employees’ safety at heart but at the same time do business in ethical ways. The factors of the political and economic environment should also be in concern when doing business in these lesser developed economies so that they will make sound business decisions.This story changes my perspective about doing business abroad because it shows me that just because you have a competitive advantage and resources to make millions doesn’t mean you have a safe environment to run your business in. It helps me understand that there is more to business than making money and that you have to have all of your business standards and strategies in place to successfully operate a company abroad. The current CEO can implement the stra tegies I listed above in my strategic analysis to restore Chiquita’s reputation and ensure future competitiveness.With the implementation of these strategies, Fernando can lead the company in the right direction and provide a stronger stance for the company. The main thing for the company to do is to revamp its mission and vision statement because this is the most important start for the company. After that, it will help formulate the company’s competitive and corporate strategies that it must restructure. In these they will implement new policies and analyze their internal performance for the company. In the end, Chiquita should come up with concise strategic decision so that it can make the right plan for its company.

Are Infants More At Risk Of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Essay

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